Acoustic neuroma symptoms

In adults, cardiac myxoma is the most common cardiac tumor, accounting for 20-50% of all cases (figs. 1 and 14; please see companion DVD for corresponding video for fig. 1).Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs there may be a female predominance, and familial syndromes with myxoma as a phenotypic trait (e.G., carney syndrome) exist.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs approximately 75% of myxomas occur in the left atrium, with the remainder largely arising within the right atrium. Cases arising from the ventricles and IVC, as well as multiple myxomas within the same atrium have also been described.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs the typical atrial myxoma arises from the interatrial septum near the fossa ovalis, and is often anchored via a stalk-like pedicle.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs size can range from less than 1 cm to an extent that virtually fills the entire atrium. The echocardiographic appearance is typically either a compact, rounded, or ovoid mass, or, alternatively, a polypoid, papillary, friable mass.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs the echodensity may be homogenous or finely speckled. Myxoma can cause valvular obstruction (i.E., a functional stenosis) or may prolapse and cause regurgitation of the mitral or tricuspid valves leading to heart failure.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs in addition, systemic or pulmonic embolization can occur, as well as constitutional symptoms. Complete surgical excision is usually the cure.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs

Papillary fibroelastomas are the next most common benign tumors, and consist primarily of dense connective tissue elements.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs these are found most frequently in elderly patients, and usually appear to arise from the valvular endocardium on either side of the heart.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs they manifest as small (<0.2-1.0 cm) mobile pedunculated echo masses which can be variably filamentous, frond-like, or oval in shape.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs they are characteristically attached to valve leaflets, with a predisposition mainly for the aortic valve (where they can arise from either surface), or secondly for the atrial side of mitral valves.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs less frequently, they are attached to the mitral chordae or papillary muscles, or tricuspid or pulmonic valves. Because of their mobility, they are thought to be shed rather easily into the bloodstream and may cause embolic symptoms.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs figure 15 shows an elongated thread-like papillary fibroelastoma on the LV outflow tract aspect of the aortic valve (please see companion DVD for corresponding video).Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs

Cardiac lipomas are benign tumors that have been described throughout the heart, typically in a subepi-cardial or subendocardial location.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs rarely, they can arise within the myocardium or from the leaflets. They often appear more echodense and fixed than myxomas, and are often clinically silent (fig. 16; fig. 13. "Warfarin ridge" artifact occurs owing to acoustic shadowing (short arrows) from the hyperechoic ridge or fold of tissue separating the left atrial appendage from the left upper pulmonary vein.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs

Fig. 14. Parasternal long axis images (PLAX) show a large atrial myxoma (arrow) with characteristic heterogeneous echogenicity.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs it occupies much of the left atrium and prolapses during diastole (A,B). Systolic still frames showing apical four-chamber view of a left atrial myxoma (arrow) and its appearance on three-dimensional echocardiography (C,D).Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs

Fig. 14. Parasternal long axis images (PLAX) show a large atrial myxoma (arrow) with characteristic heterogeneous echogenicity.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs it occupies much of the left atrium and prolapses during diastole (A,B). Systolic still frames showing apical four-chamber view of a left atrial myxoma (arrow) and its appearance on three-dimensional echocardiography (C,D).Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs

Please see companion DVD for corresponding video). It is important to distinguish this entity from lipoma-tous hypertrophy, which is an accumulation of excess fat in the interatrial septum, sparing the fossa ovalis, giving a characteristic " dumbbell" shape to this structure (fig. 5; please see companion DVD for corresponding video).Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs lipomatous interatrial septal hypertrophy is considered a normal variant of no real clinical significance, although it can become very prominent in some individuals.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs

Approximately one-fourth of primary cardiac tumors are malignant sarcomas. The various subtypes (angiosar-comas, rhabdomyosarcomas, lymphosarcomas) have been reported at all ages.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs angiosarcomas tend to occur in the right heart, and rhabdomyosarcomas can arise in more than one area of the heart. However, there are no clear distinguishing echocardiographic features; all share common characteristics of rapid invasive growth and metastasis, with frequent extension to the pericardium and a poor prognosis.Acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs secondary tumors

acoustic neuroma symptoms nhs